Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly observed in younger age groups, characterised by excessive physical activity, impulsive behaviours, persistent high energy levels, and difficulty focusing on daily tasks. While most frequently identified in childhood, ADHD can also persist into adulthood. Individuals with ADHD show reduced activation in brain regions responsible for attention and social judgement. Professional online therapy sessions provide effective support for managing the challenges associated with this condition across all age groups.
ADHD in Children
Children with ADHD are highly active both at home and at school, experiencing a neurological drive to remain in constant motion rather than acting by deliberate choice. This impulsivity leads to sudden reactions, speaking without thinking, and interrupting others during conversations.
In the pre-school period, symptoms typically include constant energy, inability to sit still, non-compliance, and excessive talking. With the onset of formal education, difficulty concentrating on lessons becomes prominent. The child may briefly focus but quickly loses attention, leading to lower academic performance.
ADHD in Adults
Adults with ADHD face similar challenges in maintaining attention and focus. They struggle with details, following instructions, and organising daily responsibilities. Social relationships are frequently affected — excessive talking, failure to listen, and interrupting others are common behaviours. Speaking at inappropriate times, loud speech, and sudden outbursts are frequently observed symptoms.
Adult hyperactivity often manifests as constantly jumping between tasks, leaving numerous projects unfinished. A hallmark of adult ADHD is impulsivity — acting without considering the consequences, which can lead to dangerous situations affecting both the individual and their social circle.
ADHD Symptoms
The key behaviours observed in individuals with ADHD include:
- Excessive energy levels
- Hyperactivity and inability to sit still
- Forgetfulness
- Organisational difficulties
- Excessive talking and one-sided communication
- Impatient behaviour
- Sudden anger and impulsive actions
What Causes ADHD?
While the exact cause remains undetermined, genetic predisposition plays a significant role. Research has identified common findings among affected individuals, predominantly brain-related abnormalities. Brain regions specialised for attention and focus show reduced interaction and size compared to typical development. Additionally, grey matter — abundant in the brain and spinal cord and crucial for mental functions — has been found to be less voluminous in individuals with ADHD, along with decreased dopamine levels.
Children of parents with ADHD have a higher likelihood of receiving the same diagnosis. Pregnancy-related risks and environmental factors also contribute, including premature birth, low birth weight, birth complications, oxygen deprivation, and head trauma during the perinatal period.
ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment
The most important diagnostic criterion for ADHD involves gathering information from parents, close relatives, and teachers. Based on this information, the duration and pattern of impulsive behaviours, hyperactivity, and adjustment difficulties are examined during online therapy sessions. Factors such as the onset of symptoms, family history, and genetic predisposition are assessed. Throughout the diagnostic and treatment process, the psychologist maintains ongoing dialogue and collaboration with family members and educators. Standardised assessment tools such as MOXO, Stanford-Binet, Bender, WISC-R, and CAS are frequently utilised to evaluate attention and memory skills.